Pillar 2: Health Systems Strengthening (HSS)

Building healthcare worker capacity, optimizing digital health data systems, and expanding primary respiratory care across the Adamawa region and northern Cameroon.

Pillar Priorities:
👥 Clinical Task-Sharing 📊 DHIS2 Community Data 🫁 Primary Respiratory Care 💊 FRPS-Ad Supply Chains
Adamawa Health Territory Assessment • Baseline Bottlenecks

The Regional Health Context: Baseline Challenges in Adamawa

In the Adamawa region of Cameroon, structural health system bottlenecks severely constrain the delivery of quality Primary Health Care (PHC), particularly for Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health (MNCH) and chronic respiratory conditions:

3.1 per 10,000
Critical Deficit: -86.5% WHO Benchmark: 23.0
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Human Resource Crisis

Severe Health Workforce Deficit

Actual Coverage: 3.1 Target: 23.0

The health workforce density in Adamawa stands at 3.1 per 10,000 population, critically below the WHO minimum benchmark of 23 per 10,000, leaving frontline nurses and community workers carrying immense clinical workloads.

⚠️ Frontline Toll: Frontline nurses manage 40+ acute consultations/day without clinical supervision or physician backup.
1.4 per 10,000
Coverage Deficit: -36.4% Standard Threshold: 2.2
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Infrastructure Scarcity

Insufficient Health Facility Coverage

Actual Coverage: 1.4 Target: 2.2

Facility density is 1.4 per 10,000 population, below the recommended threshold of 2.2 per 10,000, making community-based care and proactive outreach indispensable.

⚠️ Frontline Toll: Families in remote health areas must travel up to 15–25km over unpaved trails to reach the nearest primary clinic.
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Operational Blindspot Sub-Optimal

Fragmented Data Systems

DHIS2 Community Gap

Data completeness in the national Health Management Information System (DHIS2) remains sub-optimal. While community reporting began under the National Strategic Plan (2021–2025), community data remains underutilized for district planning.

Outbreaks and home deaths in remote villages go unrecorded, delaying district health response.
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Frontline Capability Void Training Void

Capacity and Digital Tool Gaps

CHW & Nurse Support

Frontline PHC personnel and multipurpose Community Health Workers (CHWs / Agents de Santé Communautaires Multipurpose) lack sufficient structured clinical training, supportive supervision, and digital decision-support tools.

Non-specialist staff lack decision-support algorithms for complex neonatal or respiratory danger signs.
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Diagnostic Desert Zero Screening

Respiratory Care Desert

Primary Care Void

Spirometers and peak flow meters are virtually absent at the primary care level, public active screening for asthma and COPD is non-existent, and standard inhaled medicines face major supply barriers.

Chronic asthma and COPD patients suffer debilitating attacks misdiagnosed as routine malaria.
Frontline health worker using digital tablet for community triage with mother and infant at CSI Mayo-Baléo
Frontline Field Reality • CSI Mayo-Baléo & Catchment Zone
Operational Reality & Ground Context

How Digital Outreach Counters the Acute Health Workforce & Facility Shortage

In Adamawa, an extreme workforce shortage (3.1 per 10,000) and sparse health facility coverage (1.4 per 10,000) mean rural households face dangerous delays in accessing clinical care. Static clinics alone cannot cover dispersed communities across vast rural catchments.

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Digital Decision-Support at the Point of Care: Equipping multipurpose Community Health Workers (ASCP / CHWs) with mobile digital algorithms ensures standardized triage for pediatric pneumonia, malnutrition, and maternal danger signs right in the village.
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Closing the DHIS2 Community Data Gap: Offline-capable digital capture logs household health encounters directly, eliminating paper reporting backlogs and integrating community epidemiology into the regional DHIS2 platform.
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Standardised Referral to Integrated Health Centers (CSI): CHWs do not operate in isolation; they are formalised as the accredited frontline extension of CSIs, promptly referring complicated maternal and respiratory patients to trained clinical nurses.

Our Core Approach: Multi-Stakeholder Governance

THRIVE addresses these challenges by embedding every activity directly within government frameworks and multi-sectoral partnerships:

Tier 1: Strategic Oversight & Regional Mandate

MINISTRY OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND REGIONAL DELEGATION

(Regional Delegation of Public Health - Adamawa)

Institutional grounding via formal 3-year bilateral MoU, regulatory compliance, regional policy alignment, and health territory authorization.

Tier 2: Operational Oversight & Multi-Sectoral Alignment
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District Medical Officers (DMOs)

Operational oversight, joint monthly supportive supervision cascade, and quarterly district health data review meetings.

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Regional Drug Fund (FRPS-Ad)

Supply chain alignment, essential medicine stockout monitoring, and subsidized procurement of frontline respiratory/pediatric commodities.

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Professional Medical Societies

Cameroon Societies of Pediatricians, Pulmonologists, and Gynaecologists driving clinical curricula, task-shifting protocols, and mentoring.

Tier 3: Frontline Primary Healthcare Delivery

PRIMARY HEALTH CENTERS (CSI) & MULTIPURPOSE COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS (CHWs)

Integrated facility-based clinical consultations, protocolized IMCI/triage, digital point-of-care data entry, home-based active case finding, and bidirectional community referral networks.

Core Focus Areas and Pragmatic HSS Activities

Transforming baseline bottlenecks into resilient, sustainable public health infrastructure.

Area 01

Workforce Capacity Building and Task-Sharing

To counter acute staff shortages, THRIVE implements structured task-sharing frameworks that empower non-specialist nurses, clinical officers, and multipurpose CHWs to safely manage routine care.

Task-Sharing & Clinical Mentorship:

Partnering with the Cameroon Society of Pediatricians and the Cameroon Society of Pulmonologists to train non-specialist PHC clinicians in standardised triage, emergency stabilisation, IMCI, and primary respiratory management.

Supportive Supervision Cascade:

Co-designing monthly, integrated supportive supervision visits alongside District Medical Officers (DMOs) to replace static classroom training with on-the-job clinical coaching.

Multipurpose CHW Empowerment:

Standardising training modules for community health workers to conduct home-based active case finding for pediatric pneumonia, malnutrition, asthma, and COPD symptoms.

Area 02

Digital Health & DHIS2 Community Data Integration

To bridge data completeness gaps and empower district leaders with real-time decision-making capabilities:

Digital Decision-Support Tools for Frontline Staff:

Deploying simplified, mobile digital decision-support tools (e.g., ODK / KoboToolbox / CommCare) to guide CHWs and PHC nurses step-by-step through clinical algorithms for MNCH and lung health.

Community-to-DHIS2 Data Pipelines:

Strengthening the digital bridge between community health worker registers and the national DHIS2 platform in collaboration with the Adamawa Regional Delegation of Public Health.

District-Level Data Use Culture:

Establishing quarterly District Data Review Meetings with Health District Teams to analyse community-level trends, identify coverage gaps, and allocate local resources based on evidence.

Area 03

Non-Specialist Respiratory Care and Diagnostic Deployment

THRIVE is building a sustainable primary care foundation for asthma, COPD, and chronic respiratory diseases where none currently exists:

Primary care nurse conducting peak flow measurement and respiratory screening with a patient in a primary health clinic
Task-Shifting Respiratory Diagnosis: Frontline nurse conducting peak flow screening and pulse oximetry at CSI level in northern Cameroon.
Diagnostic Equipment Provisioning:

Equipping primary health centers (Centres de Santé Intégrés) with durable, low-maintenance diagnostic kits including peak flow meters, pulse oximeters, and pediatric stethoscopes when possible.

Spirometry & Peak Flow Competency Training:

Conducting practical training workshops led by the Cameroon Society of Pulmonologists to certify PHC nurses in performing basic peak flow measurements and interpreting simple spirometry graphs.

Active Community Lung Screening:

Launching community-based active symptom screening drives targeting high-risk individuals (e.g., indoor biomass smoke exposure, chronic coughers) to detect undiagnosed asthma and COPD early.

Area 04

Supply Chain and Essential Medicines Advocacy

To ensure that screening and diagnosis lead to reliable, uninterrupted treatment:

Supply Chain Resilience

FRPS-Ad Alignment & Essential Medicines Advocacy

Diagnostics alone cannot save lives without reliable commodity pipelines. THRIVE works directly with the Regional Drug Fund (FRPS-Ad) and national policy committees to overcome frequent stockouts of inhaled corticosteroids, short-acting bronchodilators, and pediatric antibiotics.

Regional Drug Fund (FRPS-Ad) Collaboration:

Partnering with the Regional Fund for Health Promotion / Regional Drug Supply (FRPS-Ad) to streamline the distribution of essential pediatric supplies, oral rehydration salts, zinc, and basic respiratory commodities.

Essential Medicines List (EML) Advocacy:

Working alongside academic bodies, professional medical societies, and public health authorities to advocate for the formal inclusion and subsidized availability of core inhalers (such as inhaled corticosteroids and salbutamol) on national primary healthcare essential medicine lists.

Strategic Alignment

Explore Connected Programs & Next Pillars

Discover how Health Systems Strengthening interfaces with Integrated Service Delivery, Implementation Research, and Community SBC.